👶 Changing nappies and managing nappy rash

What you'll need

• A clean nappy in the right size.
• Warm water and soft cotton pads, or fragrance-free gentle wipes.
• A clean soft towel and changing mat.
• A suitable barrier cream, such as zinc oxide or petroleum jelly, for prevention or mild irritation.

A comfortable change

1. 1. Set up safely

   Wash your hands and put supplies within reach. A mat on the floor is a useful option. Never leave baby alone on a raised changing surface.

2. 2. Clean gently

   Remove the dirty nappy and wipe front to back, using a clean part of the cloth each time. Clean folds without scrubbing. Do not force back an uncircumcised foreskin.

3. 3. Pat dry

   Gently dry the skin and creases. A short supervised nappy-free break on a washable mat can help if baby is comfortable.

4. 4. Protect and fit

   Apply barrier cream according to its instructions. Fasten the clean nappy snugly without pressure marks and check that leg cuffs sit correctly. Dispose of waste and wash your hands.

5. 5. Review a rash

   Change promptly when wet or soiled. Contact your primary health centre or a doctor if the rash spreads, blisters, oozes, is very painful or does not improve. A baby under 3 months with a temperature of 38°C or above needs urgent medical assessment.

Classic mistakes

• ❌ Scrubbing off every trace of cream Remove soiling gently; repeated rubbing can worsen irritation. Reapply the protective layer as directed.
• ❌ Using powder or strong treatments Avoid talcum powder and fragranced products. Ask a clinician before using steroid, antibiotic or antifungal creams.

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